The presence of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment is a worldwide concern that threatens the lives of hundreds of environmental species. To tackle this situation, several technologies (microfluidics and nanotechnology) are emerging and they could be useful to eliminate MPs from the aquatic environment specifically, due to the similarities in density and size to cells, which are widely studied in microfluidic field. The objective is to enhance current state of the art techniques for waste water treatments thanks to the combination of microfluidic separation methods with spectroscopic tools.